The document defines the CPS research agenda in Germany. First it describes the rapidly growing research field of CPS. It provides a brief introduction to CPS, describing the capabilities and the many opportunities for application and new business models. The opportunities and challenges for technology, society and the economy associated with the profound change are analysed on the basis of an investigation into the characteristic features and capabilities of CPS. Overcoming these challenges is the aim of the as yet undefined CPS research agenda.