Abstract: Recent developments in nanostructures manufacturing, sensing and wireless networking, will soon enable us to deploy Flow‐based Cyber‐Physical Systems equipped with sensing and actuation capabilities for a broad range of applications.

Abstract: Motivation and goal: The whole-system design and modeling of complex medical robotics involves analog sensors and actuators; discrete software controllers; piecewise, non-linear, discontinuous biological tissues/media; and probabilistic human administrators. In the best case, the failure of such systems risks limb. In the worst, life.