NSF Awards #1035603 and #1545097 seek to bring software programmability to cyber-physical Laboratories-on-a-Chip (LoCs) that combine electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWoD) technology, driven by active-matrix addressing, with integrated sensing. Compared to traditional benchtop chemistry methods, EWoD-based LoCs reduce reagent consumption and the human error through miniaturization, automation, and programmability.