Abstract: In the process of developing a cyber-physical system capable of displaying the in vivo surgical area directly onto patients' skin, an important research challenge emerged.  To generate virtual views from an arbitrary angle, 3D information of internal organ surfaces is crucial.  The 3D reconstruction of internal organ surfaces for minimally invasive surgery (MIS) with stereo cameras is usually very difficult due to the challenges in correspondence matching, since there is very limited texture but significant specular reflection on or

Abstract: We describe an efficient contour-based object recognition technique suitable for searching objects in clutter. The key innovation is the use of high-level knowledge concerning the target object so that mid-level visual processes are directly influenced. Using the recently introduced image torque operator, potential locations of objects are first detected as attention points.

Abstract: The objective of this research is to develop tools for comprehensive design and optimization of air traffic flow management capabilities at multiple spatial and temporal resolutions: at a national airspace-wide scale and one-day time horizon (strategic time-frame); and at a regional scale (of one or a few Centers) and a two-hour time horizon (tactical time-frame).Year 3 results are summarized in the following.

Abstract: Atomic force microscopes (AFM) can be used to both image and modify samples at molecular or even atomic resolution, in an ambient environment with little to no sample preparation. AFM based nanomanipulation and nanoassembly compares favorably with other techniques such as electron- beam lithography in cost, repeatability, accuracy, and resolution.

Abstract: One of the urgent tasks for wastewater reclamation plants (WRPs) is to develop a cost effective infrastructure upon the existing facilities to meet the new regulations on the concentration of total ammonia nitrogen required by USEPA by 2014.

Abstract: The tight integration of physical and information processes in CPS necessitates the development of a new systems science, which is simultaneously computational and physical. Dynamics, modeling, feedback, and control are central issues in CPS research. The unique challenges in CPS integration emerge from the heterogeneity of components and interactions.

Abstract: Today's computer systems are mostly built with volatile memory components such as flip- flops, SRAM, and SDRAM, except for secondary non-volatile storage. As a result, traditional computer systems quickly lose information stored in memory if the power supply is interrupted even for a short period of time. Unfortunately, such volatile devices present significant limitations for computations on embedded cyber-physical systems that have to rely on unreliable power sources.

Abstract: Analytically predicting the behavior of physical systems is generally not possible. For example, the three dimensional nature of physical systems makes it provably impossible to express closed-­‐form analytical solutions even simple systems. This limitation makes experimentation the primary modality for designing new cyber-­‐physical systems.

Abstract: Electrification of the transportation market offers revenue growth for utility companies and automobile manufacturers, lower operational costs for consumers, and benefits to the environment. However, even moderate penetration of PEVs will stress the power grid. This project formulates and solves optimization problems critical to various entities in the PEV ecosystem -- PEV owners, commercial charging station owners, aggregators, and distribution companies -- at the distribution / retail level.