Abstract: We describe collaborative research between Columbia University and the University of Texas at Austin, under CNS-1239134 and 1239136. Our goal is to investigate and demonstrate the capabilities of hybrid computers, combining both discrete and continuous computation, in the context of cyber-physical systems. We combine the continuous and discrete models of computation in order to make possible higher energy efficiency, higher speed, and better numerical convergence in the computation involved in such systems.

Abstract: Human motion-capture and computational analysis tools have played a significant role in a variety of product- design and ergonomics settings for over a quarter-century. In moving beyond traditional kinematic (and its dual- static) settings, advances in biomechanics and multibody dynamics have led up to computational analysis tools that can provide significant insights into the functional performance.

Abstract: In the process of developing a cyber-physical system capable of displaying the in vivo surgical area directly onto patients' skin, an important research challenge emerged.  To generate virtual views from an arbitrary angle, 3D information of internal organ surfaces is crucial.  The 3D reconstruction of internal organ surfaces for minimally invasive surgery (MIS) with stereo cameras is usually very difficult due to the challenges in correspondence matching, since there is very limited texture but significant specular reflection on or

Abstract: We describe an efficient contour-based object recognition technique suitable for searching objects in clutter. The key innovation is the use of high-level knowledge concerning the target object so that mid-level visual processes are directly influenced. Using the recently introduced image torque operator, potential locations of objects are first detected as attention points.

Abstract: The objective of this research is to develop tools for comprehensive design and optimization of air traffic flow management capabilities at multiple spatial and temporal resolutions: at a national airspace-wide scale and one-day time horizon (strategic time-frame); and at a regional scale (of one or a few Centers) and a two-hour time horizon (tactical time-frame).Year 3 results are summarized in the following.

Abstract: Atomic force microscopes (AFM) can be used to both image and modify samples at molecular or even atomic resolution, in an ambient environment with little to no sample preparation. AFM based nanomanipulation and nanoassembly compares favorably with other techniques such as electron- beam lithography in cost, repeatability, accuracy, and resolution.

Abstract: One of the urgent tasks for wastewater reclamation plants (WRPs) is to develop a cost effective infrastructure upon the existing facilities to meet the new regulations on the concentration of total ammonia nitrogen required by USEPA by 2014.

Abstract: The tight integration of physical and information processes in CPS necessitates the development of a new systems science, which is simultaneously computational and physical. Dynamics, modeling, feedback, and control are central issues in CPS research. The unique challenges in CPS integration emerge from the heterogeneity of components and interactions.