CAREER: Towards an Intermittent Learning Framework for Smart and Efficient Cyber-Physical Autonomy
Abstract

This project expands how reinforcement learning frameworks can be used for Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) for autonomy. The research utilizes intermittent reinforcement, where a reward is not given every time the desired response is performed. This differs from traditional reinforcement learning mechanisms, in which a reward is given for each point during online training. What is novel in this framework is that it can demonstrate how reinforcement learning can be used when rare events, or noisy and adversarial data, can affect the training and performance of these algorithms.

Kyriakos G Vamvoudakis

Kyriakos G. Vamvoudakis was born in Athens, Greece. He earned his Diploma in Electronic and Computer Engineering (equivalent to a Master of Science) from the Technical University of Crete, Greece, in 2006, graduating with highest honors. After relocating to the United States, he pursued further studies at The University of Texas at Arlington under the guidance of Frank L. Lewis, obtaining his M.S. and Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering in 2008 and 2011, respectively. From May 2011 to January 2012, he served as an Adjunct Professor and Faculty Research Associate at the University of Texas at Arlington and the Automation and Robotics Research Institute. Between 2012 and 2016, he was a project research scientist at the Center for Control, Dynamical Systems, and Computation at the University of California, Santa Barbara. He then joined the Kevin T. Crofton Department of Aerospace and Ocean Engineering at Virginia Tech as an assistant professor, a position he held until 2018.

He currently serves as the Dutton-Ducoffe Endowed Professor at The Daniel Guggenheim School of Aerospace Engineering at Georgia Tech. He holds a secondary appointment in the School of Electrical and Computer Engineering. His expertise is in reinforcement learning, control theory, game theory, cyber-physical security, bounded rationality, and safe/assured autonomy. 

He has received numerous prestigious awards, including the 2019 ARO YIP Award, the 2018 NSF CAREER Award, the 2018 DoD Minerva Research Initiative Award, and the 2021 GT Chapter Sigma Xi Young Faculty Award. His work has also been recognized with several best paper nominations and international awards, such as the 2016 International Neural Network Society Young Investigator (INNS) Award, the Best Paper Award for Autonomous/Unmanned Vehicles at the 27th Army Science Conference in 2010, the Best Presentation Award at the World Congress of Computational Intelligence in 2010, and the Best Researcher Award from the Automation and Robotics Research Institute in 2011. Dr. Vamvoudakis has served on various international program committees and has organized special sessions, workshops, and tutorials for several international conferences. He is the Editor-in-Chief of Aerospace Science and Technology and currently serves on the IEEE Control Systems Society Conference Editorial Board. Additionally, he is an Associate Editor for several journals, including Automatica, IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems, IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence, Neural Networks, and the Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications. He is also a Senior Guest Editor for the IEEE Open Journal of Control Systems for the special issue on the intersection of machine learning with control. Previously, Dr. Vamvoudakis has served as a Guest Editor for various special issues, including those in IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering, IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, and IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems. He is a registered Professional Engineer (PE) in Electrical/Computer Engineering, a member of the Technical Chamber of Greece, an Associate Fellow of AIAA, and a Senior Member of IEEE.

Performance Period: 08/01/2018 - 04/30/2024
Institution: Georgia Tech Research Corporation
Sponsor: National Science Foundation
Award Number: 1851588
CAREER: High-Assurance Design of Learning-Enabled Cyber-Physical Systems with Deep Contracts
Lead PI:
Pierluigi Nuzzo
Abstract
Next-generation cyber-physical systems (CPS) will increasingly rely on machine learning algorithms for situational awareness and decision-making, with the promise of enhancing human capabilities. Examples range from autonomous vehicles and robots to computer-controlled factory lines and wearable medical devices. However, learning-enabled systems have shown to be very sensitive to training data and have difficulty in ensuring functional safety and robustness.
Performance Period: 07/01/2019 - 06/30/2024
Institution: University of Southern California
Sponsor: National Science Foundation
Award Number: 1846524
CAREER: Robustifying Machine Learning for Cyber-Physical Systems
Soumik Sarkar
Lead PI:
Soumik Sarkar
Abstract
This robustifying machine learning (ML) for cyber-physical systems (CPSs) project focuses on detecting and reducing the vulnerabilities of ML models that have become pervasive and are being deployed for decision-making in real-life CPS applications including self-driving cars, and robotic air vehicles. The growing prospect of machine learning approaches such as deep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) being used in CPSs (e.g., self-driving cars) has raised concerns around safety and robustness of autonomous agents.
Performance Period: 03/01/2019 - 02/29/2024
Institution: Iowa State University
Sponsor: National Science Foundation
Award Number: 1845969
CAREER: Towards Reliable and Optimized Data-Driven Cyber-Physical Systems using Human-Centric Sensing
Lead PI:
Dong Wang
Abstract

Participatory science has opened opportunities for many to participate in data collection for science experiments about the environment, local transportation, disaster response, and public safety where people live. The nature of the collection by non-scientists on a large scale carries inherent risks of sufficient coverage, accuracy and reliability of measurements. This project is motivated by the challenges in data and predictive analytics and in control for participatory science data collection and curation in cyber-physical systems (CPS) experiments.

Performance Period: 09/01/2019 - 07/31/2021
Institution: University of Notre Dame
Sponsor: National Science Foundation
Award Number: 1845639
CAREER: Multi-Agent Decision Making and Optimization using Communication as a Sensor
Stephanie Gil
Lead PI:
Stephanie Gil
Abstract
The goal of this project is to achieve coordination and localization among robots, even if some of the robots are behaving in an untrustworthy way. The approach is to use communication signals, and to control the motion of some robots, to learn about the environment and other agents in a way that provably supports coordinated behaviors. Multi-agent Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) are poised for impact in society as self-driving cars, delivery drones, and disaster response robots.
Performance Period: 05/01/2019 - 04/30/2024
Institution: Arizona State University
Sponsor: National Science Foundation
Award Number: 1845225
CPS: TTP Option: Synergy: Collaborative Research: An Executable Distributed Medical Best Practice Guidance (EMBG) System for End-to-End Emergency Care from Rural to Regional Center
Shangping Ren
Lead PI:
Shangping Ren
Abstract
In the United States, there is still a great disparity in medical care and most profoundly for emergency care, where limited facilities and remote location play a central role. Based on the Wessels Living History Farm report, the doctor to patient ratio in the United States is 30 to 10,000 in large metropolitan areas, only 5 to 10,000 in most rural areas; and the highest death rates are often found in the most rural counties. For emergency patient care, time to definitive treatment is critical. However, deciding the most effective care for an acute patient requires knowledge and experience.
Performance Period: 06/01/2018 - 08/31/2019
Institution: San Diego State University Foundation
Sponsor: National Science Foundation
Award Number: 1842710
FW-HTF: Collaborative Research: Augmenting and Advancing Cognitive Performance of Control Room Operators for Power Grid Resiliency
Abstract
The Future of Work at the Human-Technology Frontier (FW-HTF) is one of 10 new Big Ideas for Future Investment announced by the National Science Foundation. The FW-HTF cross-directorate program aims to respond to the challenges and opportunities of the changing landscape of jobs and work by supporting convergent research. This award fulfills part of that aim.
Performance Period: 10/01/2018 - 09/30/2023
Institution: University of California-Berkeley
Sponsor: National Science Foundation
Award Number: 1840083
CPS: Synergy: Securing the Timing of Cyber-Physical Systems
Lead PI:
Qi Zhu
Abstract
This project addresses timing attacks in cyber-physical systems, where attackers attempt to compromise the system functionality by changing the timing of computation and communication operations. Timing attacks could be particularly destructive for cyber-physical systems because the correctness of system functionality is affected not only by the data values of operations but also significantly by at what time operations are conducted.
Performance Period: 02/01/2018 - 09/30/2019
Institution: Northwestern University
Sponsor: National Science Foundation
Award Number: 1839511
CPS: Small: Novel Algorithmic Techniques for Drone Flight Planning on a Large Scale
Lead PI:
Sven Koenig
Co-PI:
Abstract

Good algorithmic foundations for flight planning on the scale required for managing dense urban drone traffic we can expect to see in the future are currently still missing. This project provides prototype algorithms for managing this dense drone traffic. The project develops a concept for a coordination system that is able to find collision-free paths for a large number of flying unmanned air vehicles of different size and capability. It uses a hierarchical approach, combining centralized and local coordination, to manage complexity for a large-scale problem.

Performance Period: 10/01/2018 - 09/30/2024
Institution: University of Southern California
Sponsor: National Science Foundation
Award Number: 1837779
CPS: Small: Scalable and safe control synthesis for systems with symmetries
Lead PI:
Necmiye Ozay
Co-PI:
Abstract

Complex engineered systems that can adapt to their environments while maintaining safety guarantees are crucial in many applications including Internet-of-Things, transportation, and electric power systems. The primary objective of this project is to develop a scalable design methodology to control very large collections of systems to achieve common objectives despite cyber and physical constraints.

Performance Period: 01/01/2019 - 12/31/2023
Institution: University of Michigan Ann Arbor
Sponsor: National Science Foundation
Award Number: 1837680
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